Surfactants orient themselves at the air-water interface to reduce surface tension. This allows the wash liquor to penetrate the fabric or surface pores.
The displaced soil is drawn into the center of surfactant micelles or stabilized as an emulsion.
: For those looking for a simplified, home-based manufacturing manual without heavy machinery, the Detergent Manufacturing Manual provides 55 step-by-step formulations. specific type Surfactants orient themselves at the air-water interface to
6.0% (Nonionic Low-Temp Surfactant)
The definitive method for producing low-density, highly porous powder granules ( : For those looking for a simplified, home-based
The following baseline formulations illustrate standard commercial chemical ratios. Note: All values are listed as weight percentages (wt%).
| Ingredient | Function | % w/w | |---|---|---| | Water | Solvent | 55% | | Sodium LAS (60% active) | Anionic | 15% | | Alcohol Ethoxylate (7EO) | Nonionic surfactant | 8% | | Sodium Citrate | Builder | 5% | | Glycerin | Stabilizer | 2% | | Protease Enzyme (Savinase type) | Stain removal | 0.5% | | Preservative (Kathon) | Preservation | 0.1% | | Sodium Hydroxide (to pH 8.5) | pH adjustment | 1% | | Fragrance, Dye, NaCl for viscosity | Adjust | q.s. | | Ingredient | Function | % w/w |
Detergent formulations can vary widely depending on the intended application and the desired properties of the final product. Some common detergent formulations include:
In conclusion, detergents are complex products that require a deep understanding of surfactant technology, formulation, and manufacturing processes. This article has provided a comprehensive overview of the technology behind detergents, including their formulations, manufacturing processes, and applications. For those seeking a complete technology book on detergents with formulations in PDF format, we recommend searching for reputable sources that provide accurate and up-to-date information.